Seleukid Coins
Antiochos IV
Silver coins • Bronze coins • References
| Identification Number A04-AR-01 | |
| Mint: | Antioch on the Orontes1 |
| Period: | c. 173/2 - c. 169/8 BC2 |
| Denomination: | AR Tetradrachm |
| Weight: | 16.73 g |
| Diameter: | 29 - 31 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed head of Antiochos IV right, ends of diadem adorned with stars; fillet border |
| Reverse: | ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ right, ‘ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ’ left (“of King Antiochos, God Manifest”); Zeus Nikephoros (“carrying victory”) seated on high-backed throne left, holding Nike in outstretched right hand and scepter in left hand; ‘ΔΙ’ monogram in exergue |
| Die Position: | c. -10º |
| References: | Le Rider, Antioche, p. 193, No. 37, Plate 21.25 (Series II, dies A5/P21, this coin); Houghton, CSE, 99 var. (no monogram); Newell, SMA, 54; SNG Spaer, 977 |
| Note: | Edward T. Newell, The Seleucid Mint of Antioch, pp. 23-24: To make his own divine nature evident upon the coinage, Antiochus caused stars to be placed upon the ends of his diadem on the silver issues, and divine rays about his head on the bronze. Upon the reverses of the new tetradrachms is placed a close copy of the Zeus Olympios of Pheidias, the God seated in divine splendor holding a wreath-bearing Nike in his right hand, the God whose representative upon earth Antiochus claimed himself to be, the God who was to be the supreme divinity, the composite of all local gods, the emblem of the Syrian kingdom. |
| Identification Number A04-AR-02 | |
| Mint: | Antioch on the Persian Gulf3 |
| Period: | c. 173/2 - 164 BC4 |
| Denomination: | AR Tetradrachm |
| Weight: | 17.01 g |
| Diameter: | 28 - 28 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed and draped bust of Antiochos IV right, star above diadem (nearly unrecognizable); fillet border |
| Reverse: | ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ’ right, ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ left (“of King Antiochos”); nude Apollo seated left on omphalos5, holding arrow in outstretched right hand and resting left hand on bow; monograms in outer left and outer right fields |
| Die Position: | c. -15º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, 1086 (this coin); Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, p. 32 (dies A3/P2, this coin) |
| Notes: | (1) Just ends of two rays of the star are indistinctly visible on this specimen (see arrows on the photo below), because the strike is slightly weak. This coin shares the same obverse die as the second specimen of this type listed by Mørkholm (Seleucid Mint, p. 32, dies A3/P3, Plate II, 3) on which the star is better visible. |
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| (2) There are only two issues of Antiochos IV’s tetradrachms with his draped bust, as opposed to a portrait head. Both issues come from the Antioch on the Persian Gulf mint. The earlier of these issues shows the king with a star of eight rays above his diadem, and another star of eight rays above the head of Apollo (Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, dies A1/P1 and A2/P1 = Houghton, CSE, 1084). The second issue has only a star of six rays above the diadem (Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, dies A3/P2 = Houghton, CSE, 1086; Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, dies A3/P3; Houghton, CSE, 1085). Antiochos IV’s draped busts occur on no other coins with the sole exception of bronze quasi-municipal coins of Laodikea by the Sea (SNG Spaer, 1052). | |
A star above Antiochos IV’s head also appears on early tetradrachms of Seleukeia in Pieria (Houghton, CSE, 404) and of Ake-Ptolemais, on bronze coins of Seleukeia on the Tigris (Houghton, CSE, 989) and on quasi-municipal bronzes of Tyre (Houghton, CSE, 732). Stars were also added at the ends of the diadem ties on tetradrachms of Antioch on the Orontes (see, e.g., the previous coin A04-AR-01) and of Ake-Ptolemais (as a replacement of the star-above-head motif; SNG Spaer, 1100-1101). |
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According to Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, p. 42, the star symbolizes Antiochos IV’s celestial and divine nature. Iossif and Lorber, Celestial Iconography on the Eastern Coinage of Antiochus IV, demonstrate that the star-above-head motif was equivalent to the epithet Theos Epiphanes and sometimes replaced it, conveying the king’s epiphany through imagery instead of words. In Near Eastern civilizations the star was always connected with the notions of divinity and royalty. As there were masses of illiterate subjects in all parts of the Seleukid kingdom, as well as vast provinces where the native language was not Greek, iconography was an essential medium of communication. |
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| (3) Iossif and Lorber, ibid, suggest that these star-above-head tetradrachms with Antiochos IV’s draped bust should be attributed to Seleukeia on the Tigris mint rather than to Antioch on the Persian Gulf mint. | |
| Identification Number A04-AE-03 | |
| Mint: | Antioch on the Orontes1 |
| Period: | c. 173/2 - c. 169/8 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Unit |
| Weight: | 8.74 g |
| Diameter: | 19 - 20 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed, radiate head of Antiochos IV right; dotted border |
| Reverse: | ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ right, ‘ΘΕΟΥ [Ε]ΠΙΦΑΝΟΥ[Σ]’ left (“of King Antiochos, God Manifest”); eagle standing right on thunderbolt |
| Die Position: | c. -10º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, 123; Newell, SMA, 61; SNG Spaer, 986 - 989 |
| Note: | This coin belongs to the group of issues from the Antioch mint connected with Antiochos’ campaign to Egypt. These issues include silver drachms (see, e.g., Le Rider, Antioche, p. 220, Nos. 23 and 24, Plate 25.24-25, or Newell, SMA, 57) and four denominations of bronze coins (see, e.g., Houghton, CSE, 117 - 123, or SNG Spaer, 978 - 989). The above coin A04-AE-03 represents the smallest denomination. Their obverses are of three types: head of Zeus, head of Isis and Antiochos’ portrait. The reverse is uniform: eagle standing right on thunderbolt and the inscription ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ’. Edward T. Newell in The Seleucid Mint of Antioch writes on p. 26: The reverse type of the eagle standing upon the thunderbolt of Zeus serves, perhaps, a double purpose. On the one hand, being the well-known symbol adopted by the Ptolemies of Egypt for their far-travelling coins, its sudden and passing appearance upon the coins of Antiochus IV no doubt celebrates the contemporary triumphs over the Egyptian kingdom, on the other hand it is but a condensed form of the type of Zeus Nikephoros of the tetradrachms, and is therefore emblematic of the great Hellenic god, now the leading divinity of the Seleucid kingdom. |
| Identification Number A04-AE-02 | |
| Mint: | Ake-Ptolemais6 |
| Period: | 175 - 164 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Unit |
| Weight: | 5.96 g |
| Diameter: | 18 - 19 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed, radiate head of Antiochos IV right; dotted border |
| Reverse: | ‘[Β]ΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ’ above, ‘[Α]ΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ below (“of King Antiochos”); winged Nike driving a galloping biga left, holding whip in right hand and reins in left hand; ‘ΠΑ’ monogram between horse’s legs; dotted border |
| Die Position: | 0º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, 786 - 787; SNG Spaer, 1141 - 1143 |
| Identification Number A04-AE-04 | |
| Mint: | Antioch in Mygdonia (Nisibis)7 |
| Period: | c. 168 - 164 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Chalkous |
| Weight: | 2.47 g |
| Diameter: | 12.0 - 12.5 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed, radiate head of Antiochos IV right; partially visible mark of value behind head (‘Α’ above ‘Χ’); dotted border |
| Reverse: | ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩ[Ν]’ right, ‘ΤΩΝ [Ε]Ν ΜΥΓΔΟΝ[ΙΑΙ]’ left (“of Antioch in Mygdonia”); nude Apollo standing right on short horizontal line, holding bow in extended left hand and drawing arrow from quiver over shoulder |
| Die Position: | -5º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, –; Hunterian Coll. III, –; SNG Spaer, – (but the type is known) |
| Notes: | (1) The Apollo archer reverse type was also employed on the royal bronze coinage of Antioch on the Orontes, see, e.g., Houghton, CSE, 126 - 128, and SNG Spaer, 997 - 1001. These coins bear the royal legend ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ’. |
| (2) There is no space between the words ‘ΕΝ’ and ‘ΜΥΓΔΟΝΙΑΙ’ on the 2nd line of the legend in the left field, because ancient Greek texts were written without spaces between words. | |
| Identification Number A04-AE-01 | |
| Mint: | Seleukeia on the Tigris8 |
| Period: | 175 - 164 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Dichalkous |
| Weight: | 7.82 g |
| Diameter: | 19 - 20 mm |
| Obverse: | Diademed, radiate head of Antiochos IV right; partially visible mark of value behind head; fillet border |
| Reverse: | ‘[Β]ΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ’ right, ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ left (“of King Antiochos”); goddess draped and wearing polos9, seated left on high-backed throne, holding Nike in outstretched right hand; at her feet, a long-beaked bird to left; dotted border |
| Die Position: | 0º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, 984; SNG Spaer, 1204 - 1206 |
| Note: | According to Iossif and Lorber, Laodikai and the Goddess Nikephoros, the goddess on the reverse is a rare type of Aphrodite (Aphrodite Nikephoros). This goddess appears on Antiochos IV’s bronze coins from Seleukeia on the Tigris, Susa and an unidentified western mint (perhaps Samaria), and also on a clay impression from an official seal of Orchoi. Her appearance in the reign of Antiochos IV signals the introduction of a new state cult for either his wife, Laodike IV, or his mother, Laodike III, as Aphrodite. |
| Identification Number A04-AE-05 | |
| Mint: | Mallos10 |
| Period: | 175 - 164 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Unit |
| Weight: | 3.81 g |
| Diameter: | 15 - 17 mm |
| Obverse: | Laureate male head right, with curly beard, spear over shoulder (perhaps Amphilochos, one of the mythical founders of Mallos); dotted border |
| Reverse: | ‘ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ’ right, ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ left (“of King Antiochos”); Nike standing left, crowning royal name with wreath; dotted border |
| Die Position: | 0º |
| References: | Houghton, CSE, 548 var. (control mark in inner left field); SNG Spaer, 1062 - 1064 var. (control marks in inner left field); Tom Vossen, stock No. 4724 |
| Notes: | (1) The object over the man’s shoulder is identified as a spear or sceptre in SNG Spaer, whereas it is not mentioned in Houghton, CSE, at all. This object is slightly unclear on this specimen but its top near the edge of the coin resembles a head of a spear. Tom Vossen’s specimen shows a spear quite clearly. |
| (2) The male head is described as Herakles in Houghton, CSE, and as Herakles with a question mark in SNG Spaer. Perhaps the obverse might represent Amphilochos, one of the mythical founders of Mallos. According to Strabo (Geography, 14.5.16), Mallos was founded by mythical heroes Amphilochos and Mopsos after their return from the Trojan War. According to Pausanias (Description of Greece, 1.34.3), there was a renowned oracle of Amphilochos at Mallos. The importance of Amphilochos’s cult at Mallos is also attested by Arrian who mentions that Alexander the Great sacrificed to Amphilochos here (Anabasis, 2.5). See footnote 10 for quotations from these sources. The spear behind the head seems to be a likely attribute of this mythical hero. | |
| Identification Number A04-AE-06 | |
| Mint: | Ake-Ptolemais6 |
| Period: | 175 - 164 BC |
| Denomination: | AE Serrated Unit |
| Weight: | 4.90 g |
| Diameter: | 16 - 17 mm |
| Obverse: | Veiled female bust right (probably Laodike IV); monogram behind head; dotted border |
| Reverse: | ‘[Β]ΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ’ above, ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ’ below (“of King Antiochos”); elephant’s head left; forepart of galley in right field and control mark in upper left field; dotted border |
| Die Position: | c. 45º |
| References: | SNG Spaer, 1017-1040 var. (different control marks on reverse and attributed to Seleukeia in Pieria) |
| Note: | These bronze coins with a veiled female bust on the obverse and an elephant’s head on the reverse were issued both by Seleukos IV and by Antiochos IV. The veiled female bust was identified as Laodike IV, wife first of Seleukos IV and second of Antiochos IV,11 by Hoover, Two Seleucid Notes: II. Laodice IV on the Bronze Coinages of Seleucus IV and Antiochus IV, pp. 81-87. As Hoover notes (ibid, p. 85), it is possible that some of the coins struck in the name of Antiochos IV may actually be from the brief reign of Antiochos, the son of Seleukos IV. |
1 Antioch was founded about 300 BC by Seleukos I Nikator, the founder of the Seleukid Dynasty, and it became the principal capital of the Seleukid Empire. The city was named after a family name Antiochos, passed from his father to his son (Antiochos I Soter). There were a number of other cities by the same name and this Antioch was known as Antioch-on-the-Orontes (i.e. the Orontes River, along which it was located).
2 Le Rider, Antioche de Syrie sous les Séleucides, p. 223
3 Antioch on the Persian Gulf (also known as Antioch on the Erythrean Sea or as Antioch in Charakene) was allegedly founded by Alexander the Great under the name of Alexandria and later, having been destroyed by floods, was refunded and renamed presumably by Antiochos IV. The opening of a mint here by Antiochos IV may be explained as a measure intended to revive and stimulate trade along the important sea route between India and the district at the mouth of the great Mesopotamian rivers. The Seleukid mint was in operation from Antiochos IV to Demetrios II’s first reign. (Mørkholm, The Seleucid Mint at Antiochia on the Persian Gulf, p. 44; Grainger, A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, p. 686 - Antiocheia-on-the-Erythraian-See)
The city was located probably between the mouths of the Tigris and Eulaeus (Karun River) near the Persian Gulf, probably south of modern Basra. It is best known under its later name, Charax Spasinou (the name means “Palisade of Hyspaosines” or “Rampart of Hyspaosines”; alternative spelling Charax Spasinu or Charax Pasinu or Charax Spasini), which was given to it by Hyspaosines (alternative spelling Spasines or Pasines), the son of a local Arab ruler named Sagdodonacus, during the 120’s BC. It become the capital of the small kingdom of Characene, from which the kingdom took its name. It was a major commercial site in the Parthian and later periods. (Hopkins, Parthian Mints - Charax (Charax Spasini); Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography - Charax, Charax Spasinu, Eulaeus)
A lot of our knowledge about this city is based on Pliny the Elder (The Natural History, 6.31): Charax is a city situate at the furthest extremity of the Arabian Gulf, at which begins the more prominent portion of Arabia Felix: it is built on an artificial elevation, having the Tigris on the right, and the Eulaus on the left, and lies on a piece of ground three miles in extent, just between the confluence of those streams. It was first founded by Alexander the Great, with colonists from the royal city of Durine, which was then destroyed, and such of his soldiers as were invalided and left behind. By his order it was to be called Alexandria, and a borough called Pella, from his native place, was to be peopled solely by Macedonians; the city, however, was destroyed by inundations of the rivers. Antiochus, the fifth king of Syria, afterwards rebuilt this place and called it by his own name; and on its being again destroyed, Pasines, the son of Saggonadacus, and king of the neighbouring Arabians, whom Juba has incorrectly described as a satrap of king Antiochus, restored it, and raised embankments for its protection, calling it after himself. These embankments extended in length a distance of nearly three miles, in breadth a little less. It stood at first at a distance of ten stadia from the shore, and even had a harbour of its own. But according to Juba, it is fifty miles from the sea; and at the present day, the ambassadors from Arabia, and our own merchants who have visited the place, say that it stands at a distance of one hundred and twenty miles from the sea-shore. Indeed, in no part of the world have alluvial deposits been formed more rapidly by the rivers, and to a greater extent than here; and it is only a matter of surprise that the tides, which run to a considerable distance beyond this city, do not carry them back again. At this place was born Dionysius, the most recent author of a description of the world; he was sent by the late emperor Augustus to gather all necessary information in the East, when his eldest son was about to set out for Armenia to take the command against the Parthians and Arabians.
4 Mørkholm, Seleucid Mint, p. 42
5 The omphalos (“navel” in Greek) was a sacred stone at Delphi. It was supposed to mark the center of the earth. Similar stones were erected in several areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 10.16.3: What is called the Omphalus by the Delphians is made of white marble, and is said by the Delphians to be the center of all the earth.
6 Ake-Ptolemais (also Akko, Acco, Accho, Acre, Saint-Jean d’Acre) was an important Phoenician port. The name Ake (Akko, Acco) means hot sand. Its history is very old and the city is mentioned in Egyptian texts from the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC. It originally belonged to the Phoenicians. When the Israelites came to the land of Canaan, in the 13th century BC, the area of Ake was assigned to the tribe of Asher, but the Israelites were never able to occupy it. Ake afterwards passed into the hands of the Babylonians, and from them to the Persians. After the death of Alexander the Great, it passed to the Ptolemaic Empire. In about 260 BC, its original name was changed to Ptolemais, probably in honor of Ptolemy II. The city was under Seleukid rule from 200 BC, after the battle of Panion (the defeat of Ptolemy V by Antiochos III). From the time of Antiochos IV, it bore the additional name of Antioch. The quasi-municipal coins from the 2nd century BC bear the inscription ‘ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΔΙ’, i.e. “Antioch in Ptolemais” (Antiochos IV probably founded a colony there named after himself). Seleukid royal coins were minted there from Seleukos IV to Antiochos IX (except of Antiochos VII). The city was captured by Alexander Jannaeus in 104/3 BC. See, e.g., Head, Historia Numorum, Ptolemais-Ace; Houghton, CSE, Ake-Ptolemais (p. 77); Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, Ace.
7 Nisibis was the chief town of the district called Mygdonia in northern Mesopotamia (now Nusaybin, Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey near the Syrian border). Probably under Antiochus IV, the city temporarily received the dynastic name of Antioch in Mygdonia. Nisibis stood by the side of the river Mygdonius, astride important routes both from the east to west (from Arbela or Seleukeia on the Tigris to Edessa or Harran) and from the north to south (from Armenia to the Mesopotamian plain). Russell, Nisibis as the background to the Life of Ephrem the Syrian, paragraph 12, mentions Pigulevskaja’s hypothesis (N. Pigulevskaja, Les villes de l’état Iranien aux époques Parthe et Sassanide, Contribution à l’histoire sociale de la basse antiquité. Paris, Mouton & Co, 1963; Russell refers to p. 51) that the Greek name for the region or valley in which Nisibis lies, “Mygdonia”, comes from the Syriac word magda’ = “fruit”, which suggests very good fertility of the area. (Russell, Nisibis as the background to the Life of Ephrem the Syrian; Head, Historia Numorum, A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Nisibis)
8 The city was founded in 312 BC by Seleukos I Nikator at the confluence of the Tigris River and a major canal from the Euphrates. Seleukeia on the Tigris was one of the great Hellenistic cities and a very important trading centre.
Appian, Syriake 58, tolds the following legend about how the city was established: ... They say, also, that when the Magians were ordered to indicate the propitious day and hour for beginning the foundations of Seleucia-on-the-Tigris they falsified as to the hour because they did not want to have such a stronghold built against themselves. While the king (Seleukos I Nikator) was waiting in his tent for the appointed hour, and the army, in readiness to begin the work, stood quietly till Seleucus should give the signal, suddenly, at the true hour of destiny, they seemed to hear a voice ordering them on. So they sprang to their work with such alacrity that the heralds who tried to stop them were not able to do so. When the work was brought to an end Seleucus, being troubled in his mind, again made inquiry of the Magians concerning his city, and they, having first secured a promise of impunity, replied, “That which is fated, o king, whether it be for better or worse, neither man nor city can change, for there is a fate for cities as well as for men. It pleases the gods that this city shall endure for ages, because it was begun on the hour on which it was begun. We feared lest it should be a stronghold against ourselves, and falsified the appointed time. Destiny is stronger than crafty Magians or an unsuspecting king. For that reason the deity announced the more propitious hour to the army. It is permitted you to know these things so surely that you need not suspect us of deception still, for you were presiding over the army yourself, as king, and you had yourself ordered them to wait; but the army, ever obedient to you in facing danger and toil, could not now be restrained, even when you gave them the order to stop, but sprang to their work, not a part of them merely, but all together, and their officers with them, thinking that the order had been given. In fact it had been given. That was the reason why not even you could hold them back. What can be stronger in human affairs than a king, unless it be a god, who overcame your intention and supplanted us in giving you directions about the city; for the god is in hostility to us and to all the people round about? What can our resources avail hereafter with a more powerful race settled along side of us? This city of yours has had a fortunate beginning, it will be great and enduring. We beg that you will confirm your pardon of our fault which we committed from fear of the loss of our own prosperity.” The king was pleased with what the Magians said and pardoned them. This is what I have heard about Seleucia.
9 A type of headdress recorded as either tall and crownlike and associated with Hera, or shorter and associated with priestesses or Demeter figures. In archaic art, all great goddesses may wear the polos, however.
10 An ancient city in Cilicia. According to Strabo (Geography, 14.5.16), it was founded by mythical heroes Amphilochos and Mopsos after their return from the Trojan War. The city is also mentioned by Arrian (Anabasis, 2.5) in connection with Alexander the Great, and by Pausanias (Description of Greece, 1.34.3) in connection with an oracle of Amphilochos. According to 2 Maccabees (4.30-31), Antiochos IV gave Mallos and Tarsos to his mistress, Antiochis. As a result, the inhabitants of both cities revolted and Antiochos IV personally had put down the revolt.
Strabo, Geography, 14.5.16: After the Cydnus River one comes to the Pyramus River, which flows from Cataonia, a river which I have mentioned before. According to Artemidorus, the distance thence to Soli in a straight voyage is five hundred stadia. Near by, also, is Mallus (Mallos), situated on a height, founded by Amphilochus and Mopsus, the latter the son of Apollo and Manto, concerning whom many myths are told. And indeed I, too, have mentioned them in my account of Calchas and of the quarrel between Calchas and Mopsus about their powers of divination. For some writers transfer this quarrel, Sophocles, for example, to Cilicia, which he, following the custom of tragic poets, calls Pamphylia, just as he calls Lycia “Caria” and Troy and Lydia “Phrygia.” And Sophocles, among others, tells us that Calchas died there. But, according to the myth, the contest concerned, not only the power of divination, but also the sovereignty; for they say that Mopsus and Amphilochus went from Troy and founded Mallus, and that Amphilochus then went away to Argos, and, being dissatisfied with affairs there, returned to Mallus, but that, being excluded from a share in the government there, he fought a duel with Mopsus, and that both fell in the duel and were buried in places that were not in sight of one another. And today their tombs are to be seen in the neighborhood of Magarsa near the Pyramus River. This was the birthplace of Crates the grammarian, of whom Panaetius is said to have been a pupil.
Arrian, Anabasis, 2.5: Thence he (Alexander the Great) marched to Mallus (Mallos), where he rendered to Amphilochus the sacrificial honours due to a hero. He also arrested those who were creating a sedition among the citizens, and thus put a stop to it. He remitted the tribute which they were paying to King Darius (Dareios III), because the Mallotes were a colony of the Argives, and he himself claimed to have sprung from Argos, being one of the descendants of Heracles.
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.34.3: The Athenians too have an altar to Amphilochus in the city (Oropus, a city between Boeotia and Attica), and there is at Mallus (Mallos) in Cilicia an oracle of his which is the most trustworthy of my day.
2 Maccabees, 4.30-31: While such was the state of affairs, it happened that the people of Tarsus (Tarsos) and of Mallus (Mallos) revolted because their cities had been given as a present to Antiochis, the king’s (Antiochos IV’s) concubine. So the king went hastily to settle the trouble, leaving Andronicus, a man of high rank, to act as his deputy.
11 See also Grainger, A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, p. 50 - Laodike (15), for more information about Laodike IV.